Chapter 1: Apache Tomcat Other Licenses Understanding and
Chapter 1: Apache Tomcat Other Licenses Understanding and comparing open source licenses can be a rather complex task. The preceding explanations are an attempt to simplify the issues. For more detailed information on these and other licenses, the following two resources can help you: . The Open Source Initiative (OSI) maintains a database of open source licenses. Visit them at www.opensource.org. . The GNU Project has an extensive comparison of open source licenses with the GPL license. See it at www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html. The Big Picture: Java EE As a Servlet container, Tomcat is a key component of a larger set of standards collectively referred to as the Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) platform. The Java EE standard defines a group of Java-based APIs that are suited to creating Web applications for enterprises (that is, large companies). To be sure, companies of any size can take advantage of Java EE, but many Java EE technologies are especially designed to solve the problems associated with the creation of large software systems. Java EE is built on the Java Standard Edition ( Java SE), which includes the Java binaries (such as the JVM and bytecode compiler), as well as the core Java code libraries. Java EE depends on Java SE to function. Both the Java SE and Java EE can be obtained from http://java.sun.com. Both Java SE and Java EE are referred to as platforms, because they provide core functionality that acts as a sort of platform or foundation upon which applications can be built. Since the middle of 2005, Sun has been re-branding some of the Java platform names. Java Enterprise Edition, previously called J2EE, is now called Java EE. Java Standard Edition, previously called J2SE, is now Java SE. Similarly, the mobile edition (previously J2ME) has been renamed to Java ME. Java APIs As mentioned, Java EE is a standardized collection of Java APIs. The term API (or application programming interface) is used by software developers in general to describe services made available to applications by an underlying service provider (such as an operating system). In the Java world, this term is used to describe many of the services that the Java Virtual Machine ( JVM) and its code libraries make available to Java programs. An important characteristic of APIs is that they are separated from the services that provide them. In other words, an API is a kind of technical contract defining the functionality that two parties must provide: a service provider (often called an implementation) and an application. If both parties adhere to the contract, an API is pluggable (that is, a new service provider can be plugged into the relationship). Of course, if a service provider fails to conform to the contract, the applications that use the API will fail to function properly.
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